Final test flight report - 10" diameter Jayhawk, MidWest Power 8, 30 October 2010.
It took a while to sort throughout the data, videos, and photos, and then to write this up, so my apologies for the lengthy delay. This is the final flight test report for the 10" Jayhawk from Midwest Power 8, on 30 Oct 2010. I had 9 objectives for this flight, so I will break down the flight into appropriate sections.
(a) Liftoff (taking the thrust kick off the pad, NO cato)
(b) Stability (triple check this)
(c) Staying together (no flutter / shred)
(d) Apogee (full drogue, NO zipper)
(e) Clean main deployment (no interference, no failure of attachments)
(f) Soft landing (in the clear, surviving ground impact)
(g) Evaluating the range of the XBee transmitter and its ability to transmit real-time altitude data
(h) Comparing the postflight data from the transmitting altimeter with the data from the recovery system altimeters, to possibly separate their functions
(i) Evaluate externally mounted video cameras on removable / interchangeable accessory pylons
Preflight
I would have preferred to have a majority of the preflight setup done before arriving on the range, but with the cold overnight temperatures, the Jayhawk being too big and heavy to bring inside, and the altimeter bay buried inside the rocket when assembled, that was not an option. Keeping the altimeter batteries warm necessitated leaving the avionics sleds out of the rocket until the morning of the launch. I arrived at the prep area early Saturday morning. Mark from StickerShock23 brought the few decals I hadn't put on yet, and they were all attached by about 10:00 AM. Members of WOOSH were gathering throughout the morning, and there was never a shortage of help. Thank you! The avionics sleds and tether were installed, the upper body tube bolted on, three 192" main parachutes (pre-packed in deployment bags), 120" drogue chute, 24" pilot chute, and all shock cords were installed by about 2:00. There was substantial wind in the morning, but it appeared to get better in the early afternoon, so the decision was a go for launch at mid-afternoon. Seven of us carried the 160 pound rocket on a "stretcher" to the RSO table, and then out to the away pad. We carefully slid the rocket onto the 1515 launch rail / triangular truss tower, and winched it to vertical. The LCO read a summary of the rocket's statistics and a brief dedication to Erik Gates, and the button was pushed.
(a) Liftoff (taking the thrust kick off the pad, NO cato) - successful
I originally intended the rocket to fly on the M1949-W, with a backup of the N2000-W. Early in the build, it appeared the weight would be over my target, and team member Manny suggested the Cesaroni N3180 Red Lightning (certified in Aerotech hardware) might be an option. I also added a few features into the rocket during the build to help transfer thrust from the aft end of the tailcone to the more massive components (main wing and nose cone). This was my first "N" motor and, never having built a Cesaroni motor in Aerotech hardware, I had some concerns about the possibility of a cato. The N3180 uses the larger XL-style nozzle, with a longer shoulder. In RMS hardware, this requires a different rear closure, specifically made by Cesaroni. The aft O-ring fits into a slot in the side of the nozzle, and it appears to not get compressed as the aft closure tightens. Fortunately, I took an early delivery of the Cesaroni motor and built it prior to launch day, and I was able to spend some time on the phone with Jeroen at CTI, who walked me through the motor assembly. Even then, I pretty much held my breath until MECO at 4.5 seconds. At launch, she rose majestically from the pad under the full roar of the Cesaroni N3180, took the full thrust kick off the pad, and had no cato.
(b) Stability (triple check this) - successful
This is my 14th Jayhawk. Three of them (Polecat 4.0" and 5.5", MadCow 2.6") were kits, the others were scratchbuilt / odd-rocs. The kits all required the use of nose weight to keep the Cg forward of approximately the 60% point, which is where I have always put it on my scratch-builts as well. They, however, were all light enough to swing test to verify stability prior to flight. On this Jayhawk, I had approximated the Cp by halving the wing size and attaching four of them, with half of the winglet attached to each wing tip, a technique taken from the Gates Brothers full-scale Jayhawk build a decade ago. I have been using Rocksim for some bigger 3FNC projects, but wasn't aware of all the features added to it since then until they were pointed out to me by redsox15. (Thanks, Matt!). Rocksim is a great program, easy to learn and versatile. I was able to add winglets perpendicular to the tips of the main wings, and attach canards to the nose cone. The Cg came in at 93.2" aft of nose tip, and with a 25 pound slurry of #4 lead shot and epoxy added to the nose cone, the Cg was brought forward to 82.9", a 1.0 caliber stability margin. She came off the rail perfectly straight. She followed that up with the Jayhawk's characteristic half roll and arced into the crosswind following motor burnout. She was stable.
(c) Staying together (no flutter / shred) - successful
I had a lot of help with this. (Thanks, Mark and Tim!) Early in the build thread, there was some discussion about the possibility of wing flutter. I built three different wings before settling on the one that flew. The first wing was a 3/4" plywood frame with a 1/16" G-10 skin. It was rejected early in the build, as I was able to delaminate the G-10 by induced wing bending moments. (It also could only fit the 98/10240 casing and I was already starting to feel the need for more AP.) The second wing was 3/4" plywood with cabinet plywood skin, which adhered better to the plywood frame, and featured a redesigned motor mount cutout to fit the 98/15360 casing. The third wing was built from 1/2" Baltic Birch plywood (to save weight), using the same cabinet plywood skin and 98/15360 motor tube cutout. A layer of carbon fiber cloth and a 2-ply layer of fiberglass cloth (with the weave rotated 45°) was added, which wrapped around the G-10 motor tube, reinforcing the wing-motor tube joint. The long tang made the wing structure stiffer, but the long slot would weaken the body tube. Internal fillets and fiberglass cloth were added to compensate for that. Finally, all centering rings were bonded in position and the tailcone installed, foamed internally, and glassed externally. There remained the possibility for one flutter mode, the one with the tail flipping up and down like the tail of a dolphin, or a butterfly kick, but at this weight and corresponding slow speed, it did not manifest itself. Postflight review of video from the aft-facing GearCam shows the wing stiff as a board throughout the flight. She held together and did not flutter.
(d) Apogee (full drogue, NO zipper) - partial success / partial failure
Well, I had no zipper, and briefly had a full drogue. However, my decision to launch on a windy day came back to bite me. Averaging the two main altimeters, the maximum altitude of 3,381.5' occurred at 17.7 seconds. Postflight review of video from the forward-facing GearCam shows the nose cone ejected cleanly away, exactly at apogee. Due to the crosswind, however, the Jayhawk was angled significantly into the wind and was still traveling at a pretty good speed when the drogue caught air. The 24" Giant Leap TAC-drogue pilot chute was the first to sample the air, opened perfectly and remained so throughout the remainder of the recovery. On first inflation, it fulfilled 100% of its design function, pulling the Kevlar deployment bag off of the 120" Spherachute drogue. The opening shock of the large drogue exceeded the structural integrity of the stitching along several seams, and it immediately shredded. Drag from the flapping nylon, combined with the best effort of the still viable 24" pilot chute, limited the rocket to a descent rate of approximately 118.3 feet per second until ground contact at 48 seconds.
The forward facing video also showed the forward tube opening was zipper-free, at least on that side of the rocket. The body did a few aerobatic gyrations before catching the shock cord on the winglet on the aft-facing camera side of the rocket, which held it in a nose-down attitude for the duration of the flight. The shock cord hit the side of the GearCam at 15:46:52 camera time (43 seconds into the edited video), pushing on it continuously for 15 seconds and breaking it off the pylon at 15:47:07 camera time (58 seconds into the video). The camera then tumbled alongside the rocket, still shooting video, alternating footage of the rocket and the countryside. One frame showed the forward tube opening with the shock cord. The Kevlar band had held firm and there was no zipper.
As rockets get larger, the need to understand how to reduce loads becomes more critical. -Kevin