The investigation will almost certainly point at maintenance issues on the ship. Fingers will get wagged, maybe inspections will get stepped up, and insurance will pay out a large sum of money. Being brutally honest, there weren't enough people killed in this accident to cause a change in the rules. It's very hard to get rules changed without death tolls around 25-50. Hundreds will usually get significant action in a year or three. In most cases, new rules also only apply to new ships, so it takes 15-20 years for a rules change to filter through the major carriers' fleets and another 15-20 for the second and third tier fleets.
The power should all come online automatically, but that doesn't mean it does. The marine environment is not friendly to electrics and electronics. Also, pilots have relatively hands-off systems because there's a crew of two on most airliners. A ship will have a crew of ~15-25, of whom at least 6-8 work in the engine department and can deal with some issues. That said, the chief engineer may not be on watch when leaving port at 0130 local time.
@Banzai88 can correct me if I'm wrong on anything, but the general procedure for getting the steering running again would be:
Start emergency genset and get stable power
Disconnect the emergency switchboard from the feeder from the main switchboard (breaker)
Connect the e-switchboard to the e-genset (another breaker)
If the steering HPU breaker tripped during the power outage, reset that (yet another breaker)
The steering HPU motor controller should come back online when power comes back on. If it didn't, push the button on the motor controller.
Repeat those last two steps for the steering control black box (may also include closing tripped breakers on transformers and lower-voltage panels since the steering control probably doesn't run on 480VAC)
Get the system to boot up and re-establish control
Check to see how far off centerline the rudder is
Now you get to start moving the rudder! By the way, it takes ~20 seconds for the rudder to go from centerline to hard over.
That's a lot of potential failure points. If anything didn't work, you need to send an engineer to the various switchboards and power panels to see if breakers are tripped when they shouldn't be. When you're 500 miles from shore, a few minutes to get this all running doesn't matter at all. When you're 2 minutes from hitting a bridge, it matters very much.