Let's simplify things a bit.
We we have a stock Boeing 747, no modifications.
It is on a magical runway sized conveyer belt that matches exactly the speed of the wheels on said 747 in the opposite direction. Magic. No exceptions or anything like that.
Can the Boeing 747 take off from the magical conveyer belt?
What are the rest of the conditions? Are the wheels constrained, prevented from rotating about their hubs?
If not, then it can take off.
If the wheels are constrained, but the conveyor belt surface is not constrained from moving in reaction to the lateral forward motion of the plane, then the plane can take off even though its wheels never rotate. The static friction between the wheels and the belt surface will ensure that the relative linear velocity between the plane's wheel tread and the rubber belt on the conveyor is zero, but the belt will roll on its bearings, thus moving with respect to the bearings and the earth.
As long as no force prevents forward motion of the plane, it can take off.
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