Does anyone know where the 125 g limit came from?
Some have suggested that it comes from the Gun Control act of 1968. Here's the relevant text:
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(4) The term “destructive device” means
(A) any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas
- bomb,
- grenade,
- rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces.
- missile having an explosive charge of more than one quarter ounce.
- mine or,
- device similar to any of the devices described in the proceeding clauses;
(B) any type of weapon (other than a shotgun or shotgun shell which the Secretary finds is generally recognized as particularly suitable for sporting purposes) by whatever name known which will, or may be readily converted to, expel a projectile by action of an explosive or other propellant, and which has any barrel more than one half inch in diameter; and
(C) any combination of parts either designed or intended for use in converting any device into any destructive device described in subparagraph (A) or (B) and from which a destructive device may be readily assembled.
The term “destructive device” shall not include any device which is neither designed nor redesigned for use as a weapon…
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"propellant charge of more than four ounces" does not refer to model or high-power rockets. The phrasing of 4(A) refers to "any
explosive,
incendiary, or
poison gas rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces." We don't launch explosive rockets, incendiary rockets, nor poison gas rockets, period. So the four-ounce limit doesn't apply.
Furthermore, the last line says very specifically that a device that isn't designed/redesigned as a weapon is not a destructive device. Possibly an authority would charge a model/high power/amateur rocketeer with some other infraction of the law, but it appears that a charge of "possession of a destructive device" (referring to our rockets and activities) could be tossed out of the courtroom by a sharp lawyer.