As you've discovered, it's very difficult to print such a taper – the minimum 'bead' of melted filament that can be extruded is basically just a hair bigger than your nozzle. You can have very small layer heights, but short of changing to a smaller nozzle diameter, you really can't change the extrusion width very much as a practical matter. While not perfectly scale, you'll need to add some width to your leading and trailing edges. Since the fins I printed are going to be tickling Mach, I have the root at 6mm and the leading and trailing edges at 2mm at the root, and tapering to about 1/2 that at the tip. You can see that in the photo below. And of course the fillet to the body tube isn't scale, but I picked the fin shape because it's robust, not to try and be scale. Adding the fillet increases survivability.
One of the limitations of nearly all filament printers is the inability to create very fine edges or tips – try printing a conical nosecone you you'll find it takes a lot of finagling with the layer speed and cooling as the tip gets 'pointer'. I sanded mine a bit after printing, but mostly just to smooth out the layer lines some.
Good luck!
Tony
PS: you might consider a brim on your fin root to help make sure it stays stable during the print.
View of the Nike Smoke fin showing the slight modification from the very sharp leading and trailing edge taper to a more printable flat edge. I tried photographing it edge on, but it was very difficult to see the edge clearly. For reference, the fin root is 65mm and the tip is 31mm, span is 48mm.
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