As far as I understand the matter, yellowing of paper is usually attributable to its own acidity (hence acid free paper for archival use) and I shouldn't think clearcoat would not effect that either way. Many things experience color degradation from UV exposure, and good clear coat will help prevent that, but that's usually fading, if I'm not mistaken.
Checking for compatibility of finishing materials X and Y is always a good idea when applying Y over X. Do you have another sticker from the same source? Even the negative shape left on the sheet would do. Hit it with some of your clear coat and see what happens.