Oberon
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I mean, if we're going to be super picky about whether it was a "test" or a "mission", technically all of SpaceX's landings up to this point have been "first stage recovery experiments" - none of them have reflown yet, although that's soon.
BlueOrigin's New Shepard is the first vehicle to take off vertically, ascend to space, and land vertically under its own power. Also the first to repeat this feat with the same vehicle. This is indisputable.
SpaceX's Falcon 9 is the first vehicle to take off vertically, ascend to space, deliver an orbital payload, and return to land vertically under its own power (technically the part that returned is not capable of achieving orbit on its own, but it did take something capable of going the rest of the way to orbit up to space). Falcon 9 went higher and faster. It's also bigger.
So you can argue about which one is more significant in the long run. But you can't really take away the achievement of BO. Chuck Yeager's X1 was a purely experimental plane - but it was the first to go faster than Mach 1 in level flight. Alan Shepard's flight was suborbital, certainly less significant than Glenn's orbital mission - but he was still the first American in space. I feel like the SpaceX fans would argue that if Elon Musk climbed Mt. Everest and set up a hot dog stand on the summit, that would mean that Edmund Hilary wasn't really the first person to climb it.
"And, isn't it time to retire that Model-T Korolev concoction?"
No, because it works, and we don't have anything else yet. The new tech isn't even that much better from a performance standpoint - the NK-33's that Orbital was using on the Antares until one of them blew up are a 40 year old design that actually outperforms the Merlin in both Isp and thrust-to-weight.
Personally I'd be leery to get on a Soyuz at this point, but mostly because it seems like Russian quality control has gone down a lot in the last decade or so. It's still a fundamentally sound design, but they've had a lot of recent failures. Before that though? Absolutely, certainly compared to the shuttle in terms of reliability.
BlueOrigin's New Shepard is the first vehicle to take off vertically, ascend to space, and land vertically under its own power. Also the first to repeat this feat with the same vehicle. This is indisputable.
SpaceX's Falcon 9 is the first vehicle to take off vertically, ascend to space, deliver an orbital payload, and return to land vertically under its own power (technically the part that returned is not capable of achieving orbit on its own, but it did take something capable of going the rest of the way to orbit up to space). Falcon 9 went higher and faster. It's also bigger.
So you can argue about which one is more significant in the long run. But you can't really take away the achievement of BO. Chuck Yeager's X1 was a purely experimental plane - but it was the first to go faster than Mach 1 in level flight. Alan Shepard's flight was suborbital, certainly less significant than Glenn's orbital mission - but he was still the first American in space. I feel like the SpaceX fans would argue that if Elon Musk climbed Mt. Everest and set up a hot dog stand on the summit, that would mean that Edmund Hilary wasn't really the first person to climb it.
"And, isn't it time to retire that Model-T Korolev concoction?"
No, because it works, and we don't have anything else yet. The new tech isn't even that much better from a performance standpoint - the NK-33's that Orbital was using on the Antares until one of them blew up are a 40 year old design that actually outperforms the Merlin in both Isp and thrust-to-weight.
Personally I'd be leery to get on a Soyuz at this point, but mostly because it seems like Russian quality control has gone down a lot in the last decade or so. It's still a fundamentally sound design, but they've had a lot of recent failures. Before that though? Absolutely, certainly compared to the shuttle in terms of reliability.